Stock Exchange is a regulated marketplace where buyers and sellers trade securities such as shares, bonds, derivatives, and other financial instruments. It plays a crucial role in the economy by providing a transparent and organized platform for companies to raise capital and for investors to buy or sell investments efficiently.

In India, the two major stock exchanges are the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE). Both are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which ensures fair practices, transparency, and investor protection. Companies listed on these exchanges must comply with strict disclosure and reporting norms, promoting accountability and trust among investors.

Stock exchanges function through an electronic trading system where the prices of securities are determined by market demand and supply. Investors can place buy or sell orders via registered stockbrokers. The entire process is monitored to prevent manipulation, insider trading, or unfair practices. Trading sessions usually occur on weekdays, excluding market holidays, and are divided into pre-opening, regular, and post-closing sessions.

For investors, the stock exchange offers an opportunity to participate in the growth of companies and earn potential returns through capital appreciation or dividends. It also provides liquidity, allowing investors to convert their holdings into cash whenever needed. Additionally, indices such as Nifty 50 and SENSEX serve as benchmarks that reflect overall market performance.

In summary, the stock exchange is the backbone of the financial market ecosystem. It not only facilitates investment and wealth creation but also supports economic development by enabling efficient capital flow between investors and businesses under SEBI’s strict regulatory oversight.